The launch was the first since September, and came despite repeated warnings from President Donald Trump who told reporters at the White House after the launch that the US "will handle" the situation.

"We will take care of it," the President said.

The Hwasong-15 soared 4,475 kilometers (2,800 miles) in the sky, spending 53 minutes in the air, before splashing down in waters off the coast of Japan, North Korea said. The figures tallied with estimates released by Japan and South Korea.

Mattis, who was with Trump in the Roosevelt Room of the White House, outlined how much tougher that situation has become. The test missile, he said, went "higher, frankly, than any previous shot they have taken" and demonstrates that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un now has the ability to hit "everywhere in the world basically."

"The bottom line is, it's a continued effort to build a threat -- a ballistic missile threat that endangers world peace, regional peace and certainly the United States," Mattis concluded.

David Wright of the Union of Concerned Scientists said that if the missile hadn't been lofted into the sky and had flown on a standard trajectory, it would have been capable of traveling 13,000 kilometers, or 8,100 miles.

"Such a missile would have more than enough range to reach Washington, DC, and in fact any part of the continental United States," Wright said in a statement, though he noted that range probably wouldn't be possible if the missile were fitted with a heavy nuclear warhead.

The missile was launched from the west part of North Korea and is likely to have landed in Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone, according to Masaki Hikida, public relations officer at Japan's Ministry of Defense.

The flight time would suggest that this was a major ICBM test "possibly in operational settings" and should "disabuse US officials from thinking military displays, sanctions, or threats are deterring North Korean tests," according to Adam Mount, a senior fellow at the Federation of American Scientists.

"Today's test proves that Pyongyang still feels able to test at will," he told CNN, adding it also shows the Trump administration "has to get serious about deterring an atmospheric nuclear test."

North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho had hinted in September that Pyongyang could carry out an atmospheric nuclear test over the Pacific Ocean, possibly by strapping a warhead atop a missile or dropping it from an airplane.

Condemnations

Secretary of State Rex Tillerson strongly condemned the launch and called for redoubled international pressure on Pyongyang, saying that the US "remains committed to finding a peaceful path to denuclearization." But he added a lightly veiled warning about limited US patience.

"Diplomatic options remain viable and open, for now," Tillerson said.

Sen. Lindsey Graham, a South Carolina Republican who sits on the Senate Armed Services Committee, told CNN's Wolf Blitzer that, "If we have to go to war to stop this, we will. If there's a war with North Korea it will be because North Korea brought it on itself, and we're headed to a war if things don't change."

On Wednesday, a North Korea official reiterated comments made to CNN in October that there would be no diplomacy until the country has proven its nuclear capabilities.

The official added the two steps needed to achieve this goal were the "testing of a long-range ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile)" capable of reaching the US, followed by an above-ground nuclear detonation.

"Before we can engage in diplomacy with the Trump administration, we want to send a clear message that the DPRK has a reliable defensive and offensive capability to counter any aggression from the United States," the official said, referring to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Prior to today's launch, lawmakers on both sides of the aisle had warned of devastating consequences if the US takes military action against North Korea. Pyongyang can batter Seoul with a barrage of conventional weapons, putting millions of South Koreans and more than 28,000 US troops stationed there within range.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, speaking from Tokyo, issued a warning of his own. The latest missile launch, he said, "significantly undermines the strong determination of the international community's peaceful resolution of the issue."

International diplomacy swiftly kicked into high gear, with US Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley requesting an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council with her counterparts from South Korea and Japan. That meeting is set to take place Wednesday afternoon.

Carrots and sticks

Meanwhile, Tillerson announced that the US and Canada will convene a meeting of nations that contribute military forces to the UN Command that supports South Korea to discuss "how the global community can counter North Korea's threat to international peace."

For decades, multiple US administrations and international coalitions have tried and failed to curb Pyongyang's nuclear program, whether they've used carrots or sticks. Sometimes, North Korea has taken the carrots -- aid and greater access to the international system -- and still continued its program.

The Center for International and Strategic Studies, which closely monitors North Korean launches through its Beyond Parallel initiative, said historical data shows that Pyongyang is set to significantly ratchet up its testing in the first half of 2018.

South Korea demonstrated some of its efforts to prepare for North Korean hostilities on Tuesday. The country's Joint Chiefs of Staff said the South Korean military had carried out a "precision missile strike drill" just minutes after North Korea's launch.

The precision missile strike matched the flight distance of the North Korean missile and landed in waters off the east coast of South Korea, effectively showing North Korea it can hit the exact location where Pyongyang launched the Hwasong-15.

"Our army, navy and air force jointly fired three missiles (a ground-to-ground missile, a ship-to-ground missile and an air-to surface missile) and hit the same target around the similar time to show its ability to target North Korea's origin of provocation," said Park Soo-hyun, a spokesman for South Korean President Moon Jae-in.

Park added that Moon and Trump spoke on the phone for about 20 minutes.

'On hair trigger alert'

The point, Mattis told reporters in Washington, was "to make certain North Korea understands that they could be taken under fire by our ally."

Mount of the Federation of American Scientists said the South Korean goal was to show the North that "it has the ability to hit the North's mobile missile launchers or leadership targets."

"It is a measured and pointed response but also a reminder that the peninsula remains on hair-trigger alert," he told CNN. "In this situation, provocations or even mistakes could quickly escalate out of control."

White House press secretary Sarah Sanders said on Twitter that Trump "was briefed, while missile was still in the air, on the situation in North Korea."

North Korea has launched missiles at an unprecedented rate in 2017, testing two in July that also demonstrated intercontinental range.

It is currently testing a more advanced version of its existing ICBM, a US official told CNN earlier this month.