Pell will be required to appear in the Melbourne Magistrate's court on July 26 for a filing hearing, when a full charge list is expected to be released.

Police said he was not receiving any special treatment, despite his elevated status as the Vatican's treasurer.

"I want to be perfectly clear -- the process and the procedures that have been followed in the charging of Cardinal Pell have been the same that have been applied in a whole range of historical sex offenses whenever we investigate them," Victoria Deputy Police Commissioner Shane Patton said at a news conference.

"Cardinal Pell has been treated the same as anyone else in this investigation."

Pell said he looked forward to defending himself against the claims, which have swirled around him in the Australian media for some two years.

"All along, I have been completely consistent and clear in my total rejection of these allegations. News of these charges strengthens my resolve and court proceedings now offer me an opportunity to clear my name," Pell said. "I'm looking forward finally to having my day in court."

SNAP, the US-based Survivors Network of Those Abused by Priests, welcomed the development. "We are always grateful and encouraged when law enforcement works hard to gather evidence to build a case against a powerful and influential man," the group said in a statement.

Francis' track record

Sex abuse and cover-up within the Catholic Church have been documented in the United States, Ireland, Brazil, the Netherlands, Germany and Australia.

But the allegations against Pell, given his high rank in the Vatican and his position as Australia's most senior Catholic, could bring a new dimension to the scandal.

"It's not every day that a senior Vatican official is facing criminal charges," CNN Senior Vatican Analyst John Allen said. "It's going to cast a new spotlight on Pope Francis' track record in dealing with the abuse crisis, which frankly I think most observers would tell you is kind of mixed."

"His role is to oversee the budgeting processes and financial procedures of the Vatican," Allen said. "If it's analogous to the US government, he would basically be the secretary of the treasury."

Pell did not attend Thursday's Mass at the Vatican, celebrated by Pope Francis, and will not take part in any public events before he leaves for Australia, Vatican spokesman Greg Burke said.

When asked about the allegations against Pell last year, Pope Francis said he'd defer to the courts before making his own judgment.

The office of Pell's successor in Melbourne, Archbishop Denis Hart, released a statement saying he believes Pell is entitled to a fair trial.

"Cardinal Pell has been a friend and brother priest of Archbishop Hart for more than 50 years," the statement said. "It is a matter of public record that Cardinal Pell addressed the evil of sexual abuse in the Church on becoming Archbishop of Melbourne in 1996."

Vatican defends Pell

The Vatican issued a statement Thursday praising Pell's work in combating sex abuse -- including cooperating with authorities and introducing systems in order to help protect and assist minors in Australia.

"The Holy See expresses its respect for the Australian justice system, which will have to decide the merits of the questions raised," Burke said. "At the same time, it's important to recall that Cardinal Pell has openly and repeatedly condemned as immoral and intolerable the acts of abuse against minors."

Royal Commission

Before the Australian Royal Commission, Pell was largely seen as indifferent to the scandal, according to Allen.

"In Australia, George Pell would be seen as kind of the leading symbol of the sex abuse problem. And that's in part because he has said some things and done some things that victims and lawyers and advocacy groups have seen as insensitive and tone-deaf," Allen said. "His defenders would have a different line, but that certainly has been the charge."

Pell testified multiple times to the Royal Commission in 2013 via video link and apologized for the abuse. He also acknowledged that cover-ups allowed pedophile priests to continue abusing children.

"The primary motivation would have been to respect the reputation of the church. There was a fear of scandal," Pell said. ''Many in the church did not understand just what damage was being done to the victims. We understand that better now."

Pell's statements will likely be key in a trial.

"A lot of legal observers in Australia were telling me that they were skeptical that there would be enough to these accusations to sustain a criminal indictment," Allen said.

"This Royal Commission, that the government poured God knows how much money into, I think was under intense pressure to get a scalp on the wall. And I'm quite sure that's what Pell's legal team and his defenders are going to be saying."