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At least 17 members of Myanmar's security forces and 69 people described as "violent attackers" were killed in the latest uptick of violence in the state, home to the country's Rohingya Muslims, according to state media.
Though the government says it's going after terrorists, Myanmar security forces have been accused of conducting a violent, heavy-handed response that's targeting Rohingyas.
Head of the ruling National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, has remained silent on the issue amid criticism and calls for her to do more to stop what some say amounts to genocide.
"The problem is the Burma Army has a really lousy record when it comes to civilians," says Phil Robertson, the deputy director of Human Rights Watch's Asia division. "It's really shoot first, ask questions later."
Robertson said Human Rights Watch has heard about cases of arbitrary arrests, torture, looting by Burmese soldiers and allegations of extrajudicial killings.
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who chairs the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, issued a statement expressing his concern over the recent violence in northern Rakhine, which he said "is plunging the State into renewed instability and creating new displacement."
The US State Department also said it was monitoring the spike in violence in Rakhine State.
In the township of Maungtaw, violent attackers were accused of torching houses by state media.
Reports surfaced that the government troops were responsible for the destruction, which the military has denied.
The NGO has accused the Myanmar government of limiting access to, and the information flow from, the region. It's also calling for the Myanmar government to allow the UN to assist in investigating human rights violations.
"It's a real escalation [of violence], and this is combined keeping out of everyone from the area," Robertson said. "Leaving it to the Burma Army to investigate it themselves is a recipe for a cover-up."
The State Department said the US Ambassador to Burma, Scot Marciel, recently visited Rakhine State. It said the delegation stressed the need for the country to investigate the allegations "to improve transparency and information sharing, and to provide access for both media as well as humanitarian aid."
Rakhine State is home to a large population of Rohingya Muslims, a stateless ethnic minority that's faced discrimination and persecution for years.
The Myanmar government's official position denies recognition of the term "Rohingya" and regards them as illegal Bengali migrants.
Recent unrest
The attackers were not identified by the Myanmar government, but the United Nations said "ethnic armed organizations" had clashed with the country's security forces.
Since then, the army and police have basically shut down the area and turn it into special ops zone, sweeping through villages where they believe militants are hiding, HRW's Robertson said.
"The way they're doing this is scorched-earth," he said. "They have a right to find out who attacked the border guards, but they're going way overboard."
Myanmar's government says Air Force helicopters opened fire on attackers in Rakhine State Sunday after two soldiers were killed in clashes.