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Wen Yunchao and Chang Ping said close relatives had been taken by Chinese authorities. They both denied being involved with the publication of the mysterious letter, which was published earlier this month before being quickly taken down.
"My family members are missing, and more others are being harassed and threatened, I feel anxious," Wen, a Chinese activist based in New York, told CNN.
News reports suggest that more than 15 people have been held in relation to the letter, which was first published on March 4 by Canyu.org, a Chinese-language website focusing on China's human rights issues.
It was then quickly republished by several other websites including Watching.cn, also known as Wujie, an online news outlet backed by the Chinese government. Watching has since removed the letter from its website, but CNN was able to locate and verify its cached version.
Yan Xin, his lawyer, said that Jia was not the anonymous author of the article but suspected the letter was the reason for his detention.
Jia declined to speak to CNN after arriving home Friday. Jia went missing as he was scheduled to depart from Beijing airport March 15 to attend a speaking event and renew his work permit in Hong Kong, where he was once based.
Family members targeted
New York-based Wen told CNN by Skype that his parents and younger brother had been taken away from their home in Guangdong, China by authorities on March 22.
Wen denied he was the author of the letter but said his family had been harassed because authorities thought he was involved with its publication.
"They are old and in poor health -- their have high blood pressures -- so I'm concerned about their health," he said.
Chang Ping, a Chinese journalist now based in Germany, told CNN his sister and two younger brothers had been abducted by Chinese police.
He also said he hadn't been involved with the open letter -- save for publishing an article about Jia's disappearance.
President Xi Jinping has been admired by many ordinary Chinese for advancing the "Chinese Dream" -- a vision of a stronger nation.
Cult of personality?
The letter, written under the alias "a loyal Communist Party member," briefly applauds Xi's accomplishments, including an anti-corruption campaign and deepening economic reforms.
But says that Xi's heavy-handed approach to consolidating power has "caused unprecedented problems and crises."
It said that Xi had weakened the independence of China's political bodies and caused confusion within all levels of Communist Party officials and blamed his policies for economic instability and recent stock market turbulence.
It also faulted Xi for building up a cult of personality that has caused fear among those who experienced the turmoil and fanaticism of the Cultural Revolution.
"We ask you that for the sake of the party's prosperity, for the sake of the nation's long-term stability, and for the sake of you and your family's safety, to resign from all your duties for the party and the nation, and let the party and the Chinese people select another capable person who can lead us to actively advance to the future," the letter concludes.